zentao/lib/phpaes/phpseclib/File/X509.php

<?php

/**
 * Pure-PHP X.509 Parser
 *
 * PHP version 5
 *
 * Encode and decode X.509 certificates.
 *
 * The extensions are from {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280 RFC5280} and
 * {@link http://web.archive.org/web/19961027104704/http://www3.netscape.com/eng/security/cert-exts.html Netscape Certificate Extensions}.
 *
 * Note that loading an X.509 certificate and resaving it may invalidate the signature.  The reason being that the signature is based on a
 * portion of the certificate that contains optional parameters with default values.  ie. if the parameter isn't there the default value is
 * used.  Problem is, if the parameter is there and it just so happens to have the default value there are two ways that that parameter can
 * be encoded.  It can be encoded explicitly or left out all together.  This would effect the signature value and thus may invalidate the
 * the certificate all together unless the certificate is re-signed.
 *
 * @category  File
 * @package   X509
 * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
 * @copyright 2012 Jim Wigginton
 * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
 * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
 */

namespace phpseclib\File;

use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
use phpseclib\Crypt\Hash;
use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
use phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException;
use phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element;
use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
use phpseclib\File\ASN1\Maps;

/**
 * Pure-PHP X.509 Parser
 *
 * @package X509
 * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
 * @access  public
 */
class X509
{
    /**
     * Flag to only accept signatures signed by certificate authorities
     *
     * Not really used anymore but retained all the same to suppress E_NOTICEs from old installs
     *
     * @access public
     */
    const VALIDATE_SIGNATURE_BY_CA = 1;

    /**#@+
     * @access public
     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::getDN()
    */
    /**
     * Return internal array representation
     */
    const DN_ARRAY = 0;
    /**
     * Return string
     */
    const DN_STRING = 1;
    /**
     * Return ASN.1 name string
     */
    const DN_ASN1 = 2;
    /**
     * Return OpenSSL compatible array
     */
    const DN_OPENSSL = 3;
    /**
     * Return canonical ASN.1 RDNs string
     */
    const DN_CANON = 4;
    /**
     * Return name hash for file indexing
     */
    const DN_HASH = 5;
    /**#@-*/

    /**#@+
     * @access public
     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::saveX509()
     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::saveCSR()
     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::saveCRL()
    */
    /**
     * Save as PEM
     *
     * ie. a base64-encoded PEM with a header and a footer
     */
    const FORMAT_PEM = 0;
    /**
     * Save as DER
     */
    const FORMAT_DER = 1;
    /**
     * Save as a SPKAC
     *
     * Only works on CSRs. Not currently supported.
     */
    const FORMAT_SPKAC = 2;
    /**
     * Auto-detect the format
     *
     * Used only by the load*() functions
     */
    const FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT = 3;
    /**#@-*/

    /**
     * Attribute value disposition.
     * If disposition is >= 0, this is the index of the target value.
     */
    const ATTR_ALL = -1; // All attribute values (array).
    const ATTR_APPEND = -2; // Add a value.
    const ATTR_REPLACE = -3; // Clear first, then add a value.

    /**
     * Distinguished Name
     *
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    private $dn;

    /**
     * Public key
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $publicKey;

    /**
     * Private key
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $privateKey;

    /**
     * Object identifiers for X.509 certificates
     *
     * @var array
     * @access private
     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_identifier
     */
    private $oids;

    /**
     * The certificate authorities
     *
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    private $CAs;

    /**
     * The currently loaded certificate
     *
     * @var array
     * @access private
     */
    private $currentCert;

    /**
     * The signature subject
     *
     * There's no guarantee \phpseclib\File\X509 is going to re-encode an X.509 cert in the same way it was originally
     * encoded so we take save the portion of the original cert that the signature would have made for.
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $signatureSubject;

    /**
     * Certificate Start Date
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $startDate;

    /**
     * Certificate End Date
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $endDate;

    /**
     * Serial Number
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $serialNumber;

    /**
     * Key Identifier
     *
     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.1 RFC5280#section-4.2.1.1} and
     * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.2 RFC5280#section-4.2.1.2}.
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $currentKeyIdentifier;

    /**
     * CA Flag
     *
     * @var bool
     * @access private
     */
    private $caFlag = false;

    /**
     * SPKAC Challenge
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $challenge;

    /**
     * OIDs loaded
     *
     * @var bool
     * @access private
     */
    private static $oidsLoaded = false;

    /**
     * Default Constructor.
     *
     * @return \phpseclib\File\X509
     * @access public
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        // Explicitly Tagged Module, 1988 Syntax
        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#appendix-A.1

        if (!self::$oidsLoaded) {
            // OIDs from RFC5280 and those RFCs mentioned in RFC5280#section-4.1.1.2
            ASN1::loadOIDs([
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7' => 'id-pkix',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1' => 'id-pe',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2' => 'id-qt',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3' => 'id-kp',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48' => 'id-ad',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1' => 'id-qt-cps',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2' => 'id-qt-unotice',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1' =>'id-ad-ocsp',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2' => 'id-ad-caIssuers',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.3' => 'id-ad-timeStamping',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.5' => 'id-ad-caRepository',
                '2.5.4' => 'id-at',
                '2.5.4.41' => 'id-at-name',
                '2.5.4.4' => 'id-at-surname',
                '2.5.4.42' => 'id-at-givenName',
                '2.5.4.43' => 'id-at-initials',
                '2.5.4.44' => 'id-at-generationQualifier',
                '2.5.4.3' => 'id-at-commonName',
                '2.5.4.7' => 'id-at-localityName',
                '2.5.4.8' => 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName',
                '2.5.4.10' => 'id-at-organizationName',
                '2.5.4.11' => 'id-at-organizationalUnitName',
                '2.5.4.12' => 'id-at-title',
                '2.5.4.13' => 'id-at-description',
                '2.5.4.46' => 'id-at-dnQualifier',
                '2.5.4.6' => 'id-at-countryName',
                '2.5.4.5' => 'id-at-serialNumber',
                '2.5.4.65' => 'id-at-pseudonym',
                '2.5.4.17' => 'id-at-postalCode',
                '2.5.4.9' => 'id-at-streetAddress',
                '2.5.4.45' => 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier',
                '2.5.4.72' => 'id-at-role',
                '2.5.4.16' => 'id-at-postalAddress',

                '0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25' => 'id-domainComponent',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.9' => 'pkcs-9',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1' => 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress',
                '2.5.29' => 'id-ce',
                '2.5.29.35' => 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier',
                '2.5.29.14' => 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier',
                '2.5.29.15' => 'id-ce-keyUsage',
                '2.5.29.16' => 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod',
                '2.5.29.32' => 'id-ce-certificatePolicies',
                '2.5.29.32.0' => 'anyPolicy',

                '2.5.29.33' => 'id-ce-policyMappings',
                '2.5.29.17' => 'id-ce-subjectAltName',
                '2.5.29.18' => 'id-ce-issuerAltName',
                '2.5.29.9' => 'id-ce-subjectDirectoryAttributes',
                '2.5.29.19' => 'id-ce-basicConstraints',
                '2.5.29.30' => 'id-ce-nameConstraints',
                '2.5.29.36' => 'id-ce-policyConstraints',
                '2.5.29.31' => 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints',
                '2.5.29.37' => 'id-ce-extKeyUsage',
                '2.5.29.37.0' => 'anyExtendedKeyUsage',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1' => 'id-kp-serverAuth',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2' => 'id-kp-clientAuth',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3' => 'id-kp-codeSigning',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4' => 'id-kp-emailProtection',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8' => 'id-kp-timeStamping',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9' => 'id-kp-OCSPSigning',
                '2.5.29.54' => 'id-ce-inhibitAnyPolicy',
                '2.5.29.46' => 'id-ce-freshestCRL',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1' => 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess',
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11' => 'id-pe-subjectInfoAccess',
                '2.5.29.20' => 'id-ce-cRLNumber',
                '2.5.29.28' => 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint',
                '2.5.29.27' => 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator',
                '2.5.29.21' => 'id-ce-cRLReasons',
                '2.5.29.29' => 'id-ce-certificateIssuer',
                '2.5.29.23' => 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode',
                '1.2.840.10040.2' => 'holdInstruction',
                '1.2.840.10040.2.1' => 'id-holdinstruction-none',
                '1.2.840.10040.2.2' => 'id-holdinstruction-callissuer',
                '1.2.840.10040.2.3' => 'id-holdinstruction-reject',
                '2.5.29.24' => 'id-ce-invalidityDate',

                '1.2.840.113549.2.2' => 'md2',
                '1.2.840.113549.2.5' => 'md5',
                '1.3.14.3.2.26' => 'id-sha1',
                '1.2.840.10040.4.1' => 'id-dsa',
                '1.2.840.10040.4.3' => 'id-dsa-with-sha1',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1' => 'pkcs-1',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.1' => 'rsaEncryption',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.2' => 'md2WithRSAEncryption',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.4' => 'md5WithRSAEncryption',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.5' => 'sha1WithRSAEncryption',
                '1.2.840.10046.2.1' => 'dhpublicnumber',
                '2.16.840.1.101.2.1.1.22' => 'id-keyExchangeAlgorithm',
                '1.2.840.10045' => 'ansi-X9-62',
                '1.2.840.10045.4' => 'id-ecSigType',
                '1.2.840.10045.4.1' => 'ecdsa-with-SHA1',
                '1.2.840.10045.1' => 'id-fieldType',
                '1.2.840.10045.1.1' => 'prime-field',
                '1.2.840.10045.1.2' => 'characteristic-two-field',
                '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3' => 'id-characteristic-two-basis',
                '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.1' => 'gnBasis',
                '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.2' => 'tpBasis',
                '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.3' => 'ppBasis',
                '1.2.840.10045.2' => 'id-publicKeyType',
                '1.2.840.10045.2.1' => 'id-ecPublicKey',
                '1.2.840.10045.3' => 'ellipticCurve',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0' => 'c-TwoCurve',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.1' => 'c2pnb163v1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.2' => 'c2pnb163v2',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.3' => 'c2pnb163v3',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.4' => 'c2pnb176w1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.5' => 'c2pnb191v1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.6' => 'c2pnb191v2',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.7' => 'c2pnb191v3',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.8' => 'c2pnb191v4',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.9' => 'c2pnb191v5',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.10' => 'c2pnb208w1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.11' => 'c2pnb239v1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.12' => 'c2pnb239v2',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.13' => 'c2pnb239v3',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.14' => 'c2pnb239v4',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.15' => 'c2pnb239v5',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.16' => 'c2pnb272w1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.17' => 'c2pnb304w1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.18' => 'c2pnb359v1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.19' => 'c2pnb368w1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.0.20' => 'c2pnb431r1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1' => 'primeCurve',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.1' => 'prime192v1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.2' => 'prime192v2',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.3' => 'prime192v3',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.4' => 'prime239v1',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.5' => 'prime239v2',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.6' => 'prime239v3',
                '1.2.840.10045.3.1.7' => 'prime256v1',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.7' => 'id-RSAES-OAEP',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.9' => 'id-pSpecified',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.10' => 'id-RSASSA-PSS',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.8' => 'id-mgf1',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.14' => 'sha224WithRSAEncryption',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.11' => 'sha256WithRSAEncryption',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.12' => 'sha384WithRSAEncryption',
                '1.2.840.113549.1.1.13' => 'sha512WithRSAEncryption',
                '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.4' => 'id-sha224',
                '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1' => 'id-sha256',
                '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2' => 'id-sha384',
                '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3' => 'id-sha512',
                '1.2.643.2.2.4' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94',
                '1.2.643.2.2.3' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001',
                '1.2.643.2.2.20' => 'id-GostR3410-2001',
                '1.2.643.2.2.19' => 'id-GostR3410-94',
                // Netscape Object Identifiers from "Netscape Certificate Extensions"
                '2.16.840.1.113730' => 'netscape',
                '2.16.840.1.113730.1' => 'netscape-cert-extension',
                '2.16.840.1.113730.1.1' => 'netscape-cert-type',
                '2.16.840.1.113730.1.13' => 'netscape-comment',
                '2.16.840.1.113730.1.8' => 'netscape-ca-policy-url',
                // the following are X.509 extensions not supported by phpseclib
                '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12' => 'id-pe-logotype',
                '1.2.840.113533.7.65.0' => 'entrustVersInfo',
                '2.16.840.1.113733.1.6.9' => 'verisignPrivate',
                // for Certificate Signing Requests
                // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2985
                '1.2.840.113549.1.9.2' => 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName', // PKCS #9 unstructured name
                '1.2.840.113549.1.9.7' => 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword', // Challenge password for certificate revocations
                '1.2.840.113549.1.9.14' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest' // Certificate extension request
            ]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load X.509 certificate
     *
     * Returns an associative array describing the X.509 cert or a false if the cert failed to load
     *
     * @param string $cert
     * @param int $mode
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function loadX509($cert, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
    {
        if (is_array($cert) && isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            unset($this->currentCert);
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
            $this->dn = $cert['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
                return false;
            }
            $this->currentCert = $cert;

            $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : null;

            unset($this->signatureSubject);

            return $cert;
        }

        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
            $newcert = ASN1::extractBER($cert);
            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $cert == $newcert) {
                return false;
            }
            $cert = $newcert;
        }

        if ($cert === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($cert);

        if (!empty($decoded)) {
            $x509 = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], Maps\Certificate::MAP);
        }
        if (!isset($x509) || $x509 === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $this->signatureSubject = substr($cert, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);

        if ($this->isSubArrayValid($x509, 'tbsCertificate/extensions')) {
            $this->mapInExtensions($x509, 'tbsCertificate/extensions');
        }
        $this->mapInDNs($x509, 'tbsCertificate/issuer/rdnSequence');
        $this->mapInDNs($x509, 'tbsCertificate/subject/rdnSequence');

        $key = &$x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
        $key = $this->reformatKey($x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'], $key);

        $this->currentCert = $x509;
        $this->dn = $x509['tbsCertificate']['subject'];

        $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : null;

        return $x509;
    }

    /**
     * Save X.509 certificate
     *
     * @param array $cert
     * @param int $format optional
     * @access public
     * @return string
     */
    public function saveX509($cert, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($cert) || !isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }

        switch (true) {
            // "case !$a: case !$b: break; default: whatever();" is the same thing as "if ($a && $b) whatever()"
            case !($algorithm = $this->subArray($cert, 'tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
            case is_object($cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                break;
            default:
                switch ($algorithm) {
                    case 'rsaEncryption':
                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']
                            = Base64::encode("\0" . Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
                        /* "[For RSA keys] the parameters field MUST have ASN.1 type NULL for this algorithm identifier."
                           -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279#section-2.3.1

                           given that and the fact that RSA keys appear ot be the only key type for which the parameters field can be blank,
                           it seems like perhaps the ASN.1 description ought not say the parameters field is OPTIONAL, but whatever.
                         */
                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = null;
                        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279#section-2.2.1
                        $cert['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = null;
                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = null;
                }
        }

        $filters = [];
        $type_utf8_string = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['authorityCertIssuer']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        //$filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['distributionPoint']['fullName']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;

        /* in the case of policyQualifiers/qualifier, the type has to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING.
           \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING will cause OpenSSL's X.509 parser to spit out random
           characters.
         */
        $filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier']
            = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING];

        ASN1::setFilters($filters);

        $this->mapOutExtensions($cert, 'tbsCertificate/extensions');
        $this->mapOutDNs($cert, 'tbsCertificate/issuer/rdnSequence');
        $this->mapOutDNs($cert, 'tbsCertificate/subject/rdnSequence');

        $cert = ASN1::encodeDER($cert, Maps\Certificate::MAP);

        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $cert;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n" . chunk_split(Base64::encode($cert), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE-----';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Map extension values from octet string to extension-specific internal
     *   format.
     *
     * @param array ref $root
     * @param string $path
     * @access private
     */
    private function mapInExtensions(&$root, $path)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->subArrayUnchecked($root, $path);

        if ($extensions) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($extensions); $i++) {
                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
                $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($value);
                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
                $map = $this->getMapping($id);
                if (!is_bool($map)) {
                    $mapped = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $map, ['iPAddress' => [$this, 'decodeIP']]);
                    $value = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;

                    if ($id == 'id-ce-certificatePolicies') {
                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
                                $map = $this->getMapping($subid);
                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
                                if ($map !== false) {
                                    $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($subvalue);
                                    $mapped = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
                                    $subvalue = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Map extension values from extension-specific internal format to
     *   octet string.
     *
     * @param array ref $root
     * @param string $path
     * @access private
     */
    private function mapOutExtensions(&$root, $path)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->subArray($root, $path);

        if (is_array($extensions)) {
            $size = count($extensions);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
                if ($extensions[$i] instanceof Element) {
                    continue;
                }

                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];

                switch ($id) {
                    case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
                                $map = $this->getMapping($subid);
                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
                                if ($map !== false) {
                                    // by default \phpseclib\File\ASN1 will try to render qualifier as a \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING since it's
                                    // actual type is \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_ANY
                                    $subvalue = new Element(ASN1::encodeDER($subvalue, $map));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier': // use 00 as the serial number instead of an empty string
                        if (isset($value['authorityCertSerialNumber'])) {
                            if ($value['authorityCertSerialNumber']->toBytes() == '') {
                                $temp = chr((ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 2) . "\1\0";
                                $value['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = new Element($temp);
                            }
                        }
                }

                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
                $map = $this->getMapping($id);
                if (is_bool($map)) {
                    if (!$map) {
                        //user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported extension');
                        unset($extensions[$i]);
                    }
                } else {
                    $value = ASN1::encodeDER($value, $map, ['iPAddress' => [$this, 'encodeIP']]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Map attribute values from ANY type to attribute-specific internal
     *   format.
     *
     * @param array ref $root
     * @param string $path
     * @access private
     */
    private function mapInAttributes(&$root, $path)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->subArray($root, $path);

        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($attributes); $i++) {
                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
                /* $value contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
                $map = $this->getMapping($id);
                if (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
                        $value = ASN1::encodeDER($values[$j], Maps\AttributeValue::MAP);
                        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($value);
                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
                            $mapped = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
                            if ($mapped !== false) {
                                $values[$j] = $mapped;
                            }
                            if ($id == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest' && $this->isSubArrayValid($values, $j)) {
                                $this->mapInExtensions($values, $j);
                            }
                        } elseif ($map) {
                            $values[$j] = $value;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Map attribute values from attribute-specific internal format to
     *   ANY type.
     *
     * @param array ref $root
     * @param string $path
     * @access private
     */
    private function mapOutAttributes(&$root, $path)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->subArray($root, $path);

        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            $size = count($attributes);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
                /* [value] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
                $map = $this->getMapping($id);
                if ($map === false) {
                    //user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported attribute', E_USER_NOTICE);
                    unset($attributes[$i]);
                } elseif (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
                        switch ($id) {
                            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
                                $this->mapOutExtensions($values, $j);
                                break;
                        }

                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
                            $temp = ASN1::encodeDER($values[$j], $map);
                            $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($temp);
                            $values[$j] = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], Maps\AttributeValue::MAP);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Map DN values from ANY type to DN-specific internal
     *   format.
     *
     * @param array ref $root
     * @param string $path
     * @access private
     */
    private function mapInDNs(&$root, $path)
    {
        $dns = &$this->subArray($root, $path);

        if (is_array($dns)) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($dns); $i++) {
                for ($j = 0; $j < count($dns[$i]); $j++) {
                    $type = $dns[$i][$j]['type'];
                    $value = &$dns[$i][$j]['value'];
                    if (is_object($value) && $value instanceof Element) {
                        $map = $this->getMapping($type);
                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
                            $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($value);
                            $value = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Map DN values from DN-specific internal format to
     *   ANY type.
     *
     * @param array ref $root
     * @param string $path
     * @access private
     */
    private function mapOutDNs(&$root, $path)
    {
        $dns = &$this->subArray($root, $path);

        if (is_array($dns)) {
            $size = count($dns);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
                for ($j = 0; $j < count($dns[$i]); $j++) {
                    $type = $dns[$i][$j]['type'];
                    $value = &$dns[$i][$j]['value'];
                    if (is_object($value) && $value instanceof Element) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $map = $this->getMapping($type);
                    if (!is_bool($map)) {
                        $value = new Element(ASN1::encodeDER($value, $map));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Associate an extension ID to an extension mapping
     *
     * @param string $extnId
     * @access private
     * @return mixed
     */
    private function getMapping($extnId)
    {
        if (!is_string($extnId)) { // eg. if it's a \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element object
            return true;
        }

        switch ($extnId) {
            case 'id-ce-keyUsage':
                return Maps\KeyUsage::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-basicConstraints':
                return Maps\BasicConstraints::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier':
                return Maps\KeyIdentifier::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints':
                return Maps\CRLDistributionPoints::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier':
                return Maps\AuthorityKeyIdentifier::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
                return Maps\CertificatePolicies::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-extKeyUsage':
                return Maps\ExtKeyUsageSyntax::MAP;
            case 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess':
                return Maps\AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-subjectAltName':
                return Maps\SubjectAltName::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-subjectDirectoryAttributes':
                return Maps\SubjectDirectoryAttributes::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod':
                return Maps\PrivateKeyUsagePeriod::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-issuerAltName':
                return Maps\IssuerAltName::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-policyMappings':
                return Maps\PolicyMappings::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-nameConstraints':
                return Maps\NameConstraints::MAP;

            case 'netscape-cert-type':
                return Maps\netscape_cert_type::MAP;
            case 'netscape-comment':
                return Maps\netscape_comment::MAP;
            case 'netscape-ca-policy-url':
                return Maps\netscape_ca_policy_url::MAP;

            // since id-qt-cps isn't a constructed type it will have already been decoded as a string by the time it gets
            // back around to asn1map() and we don't want it decoded again.
            //case 'id-qt-cps':
            //    return Maps\CPSuri::MAP;
            case 'id-qt-unotice':
                return Maps\UserNotice::MAP;

            // the following OIDs are unsupported but we don't want them to give notices when calling saveX509().
            case 'id-pe-logotype': // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3709.txt
            case 'entrustVersInfo':
            // http://support.microsoft.com/kb/287547
            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2': // szOID_ENROLL_CERTTYPE_EXTENSION
            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.1': // szOID_CERTSRV_CA_VERSION
            // "SET Secure Electronic Transaction Specification"
            // http://www.maithean.com/docs/set_bk3.pdf
            case '2.23.42.7.0': // id-set-hashedRootKey
            // "Certificate Transparency"
            // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6962
            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2':
                return true;

            // CSR attributes
            case 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName':
                return Maps\PKCS9String::MAP;
            case 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword':
                return Maps\DirectoryString::MAP;
            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
                return Maps\Extensions::MAP;

            // CRL extensions.
            case 'id-ce-cRLNumber':
                return Maps\CRLNumber::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator':
                return Maps\CRLNumber::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint':
                return Maps\IssuingDistributionPoint::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-freshestCRL':
                return Maps\CRLDistributionPoints::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-cRLReasons':
                return Maps\CRLReason::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-invalidityDate':
                return Maps\InvalidityDate::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-certificateIssuer':
                return Maps\CertificateIssuer::MAP;
            case 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode':
                return Maps\HoldInstructionCode::MAP;
            case 'id-at-postalAddress':
                return Maps\PostalAddress::MAP;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Load an X.509 certificate as a certificate authority
     *
     * @param string $cert
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function loadCA($cert)
    {
        $olddn = $this->dn;
        $oldcert = $this->currentCert;
        $oldsigsubj = $this->signatureSubject;
        $oldkeyid = $this->currentKeyIdentifier;

        $cert = $this->loadX509($cert);
        if (!$cert) {
            $this->dn = $olddn;
            $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
            $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = $oldkeyid;

            return false;
        }

        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":

           If the keyUsage extension is present, then the subject public key
           MUST NOT be used to verify signatures on certificates or CRLs unless
           the corresponding keyCertSign or cRLSign bit is set. */
        //$keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
        //if ($keyUsage && !in_array('keyCertSign', $keyUsage)) {
        //    return false;
        //}

        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":

           The cA boolean indicates whether the certified public key may be used
           to verify certificate signatures.  If the cA boolean is not asserted,
           then the keyCertSign bit in the key usage extension MUST NOT be
           asserted.  If the basic constraints extension is not present in a
           version 3 certificate, or the extension is present but the cA boolean
           is not asserted, then the certified public key MUST NOT be used to
           verify certificate signatures. */
        //$basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
        //if (!$basicConstraints || !$basicConstraints['cA']) {
        //    return false;
        //}

        $this->CAs[] = $cert;

        $this->dn = $olddn;
        $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Validate an X.509 certificate against a URL
     *
     * From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
     *
     * Matching is performed using the matching rules specified by
     * [RFC2459].  If more than one identity of a given type is present in
     * the certificate (e.g., more than one dNSName name, a match in any one
     * of the set is considered acceptable.) Names may contain the wildcard
     * character * which is considered to match any single domain name
     * component or component fragment. E.g., *.a.com matches foo.a.com but
     * not bar.foo.a.com. f*.com matches foo.com but not bar.com.
     *
     * @param string $url
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function validateURL($url)
    {
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }

        $components = parse_url($url);
        if (!isset($components['host'])) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($names = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName')) {
            foreach ($names as $key => $value) {
                $value = str_replace(['.', '*'], ['\.', '[^.]*'], $value);
                switch ($key) {
                    case 'dNSName':
                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":

                           If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
                           be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
                           field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. Although
                           the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and
                           Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead. */
                        if (preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
                            return true;
                        }
                        break;
                    case 'iPAddress':
                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":

                           In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
                           hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
                           in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI. */
                        if (preg_match('#(?:\d{1-3}\.){4}#', $components['host'] . '.') && preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
                            return true;
                        }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        if ($value = $this->getDNProp('id-at-commonName')) {
            $value = str_replace(['.', '*'], ['\.', '[^.]*'], $value[0]);
            return preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host']);
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Validate a date
     *
     * If $date isn't defined it is assumed to be the current date.
     *
     * @param int $date optional
     * @access public
     */
    public function validateDate($date = null)
    {
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!isset($date)) {
            $date = time();
        }

        $notBefore = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'];
        $notBefore = isset($notBefore['generalTime']) ? $notBefore['generalTime'] : $notBefore['utcTime'];

        $notAfter = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'];
        $notAfter = isset($notAfter['generalTime']) ? $notAfter['generalTime'] : $notAfter['utcTime'];

        switch (true) {
            case $date < @strtotime($notBefore):
            case $date > @strtotime($notAfter):
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Validate a signature
     *
     * Works on X.509 certs, CSR's and CRL's.
     * Returns true if the signature is verified, false if it is not correct or null on error
     *
     * By default returns false for self-signed certs. Call validateSignature(false) to make this support
     * self-signed.
     *
     * The behavior of this function is inspired by {@link http://php.net/openssl-verify openssl_verify}.
     *
     * @param bool $caonly optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function validateSignature($caonly = true)
    {
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->signatureSubject)) {
            return null;
        }

        /* TODO:
           "emailAddress attribute values are not case-sensitive (e.g., "subscriber@example.com" is the same as "SUBSCRIBER@EXAMPLE.COM")."
            -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.6

           implement pathLenConstraint in the id-ce-basicConstraints extension */

        switch (true) {
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                // self-signed cert
                switch (true) {
                    case !defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']:
                    case defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->getIssuerDN(self::DN_STRING) === $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING):
                        $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
                        $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
                        switch (true) {
                            case !is_array($authorityKey):
                            case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                                $signingCert = $this->currentCert; // working cert
                        }
                }

                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
                        // even if the cert is a self-signed one we still want to see if it's a CA;
                        // if not, we'll conditionally return an error
                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
                        switch (true) {
                            case !defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']:
                            case defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer']) === $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']):
                                $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
                                $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
                                switch (true) {
                                    case !is_array($authorityKey):
                                    case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                                        $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
                                        break 3;
                                }
                        }
                    }
                    if (count($this->CAs) == $i && $caonly) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } elseif (!isset($signingCert) || $caonly) {
                    return false;
                }
                return $this->validateSignatureHelper(
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr($this->currentCert['signature'], 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
                return $this->validateSignatureHelper(
                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr($this->currentCert['signature'], 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            case isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']):
                return $this->validateSignatureHelper(
                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr($this->currentCert['signature'], 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
                        switch (true) {
                            case !defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']:
                            case defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer']) === $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']):
                                $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
                                $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
                                switch (true) {
                                    case !is_array($authorityKey):
                                    case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                                        $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
                                        break 3;
                                }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (!isset($signingCert)) {
                    return false;
                }
                return $this->validateSignatureHelper(
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr($this->currentCert['signature'], 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validates a signature
     *
     * Returns true if the signature is verified and false if it is not correct.
     * If the algorithms are unsupposed an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @param string $publicKeyAlgorithm
     * @param string $publicKey
     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm
     * @param string $signature
     * @param string $signatureSubject
     * @access private
     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException if the algorithm is unsupported
     * @return bool
     */
    private function validateSignatureHelper($publicKeyAlgorithm, $publicKey, $signatureAlgorithm, $signature, $signatureSubject)
    {
        switch ($publicKeyAlgorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $rsa = new RSA();
                $rsa->load($publicKey);

                switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
                    case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
                        $rsa->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
                        if (!@$rsa->verify($signatureSubject, $signature, RSA::PADDING_PKCS1)) {
                            return false;
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Signature algorithm unsupported');
                }
                break;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Public key algorithm unsupported');
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Reformat public keys
     *
     * Reformats a public key to a format supported by phpseclib (if applicable)
     *
     * @param string $algorithm
     * @param string $key
     * @access private
     * @return string
     */
    private function reformatKey($algorithm, $key)
    {
        switch ($algorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                return
                    "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
                    // subjectPublicKey is stored as a bit string in X.509 certs.  the first byte of a bit string represents how many bits
                    // in the last byte should be ignored.  the following only supports non-zero stuff but as none of the X.509 certs Firefox
                    // uses as a cert authority actually use a non-zero bit I think it's safe to assume that none do.
                    chunk_split(Base64::encode(substr($key, 1)), 64) .
                    '-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----';
            default:
                return $key;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Decodes an IP address
     *
     * Takes in a base64 encoded "blob" and returns a human readable IP address
     *
     * @param string $ip
     * @access private
     * @return string
     */
    public function decodeIP($ip)
    {
        return inet_ntop($ip);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes an IP address
     *
     * Takes a human readable IP address into a base64-encoded "blob"
     *
     * @param string $ip
     * @access private
     * @return string
     */
    public function encodeIP($ip)
    {
        return inet_pton($ip);
    }

    /**
     * "Normalizes" a Distinguished Name property
     *
     * @param string $propName
     * @access private
     * @return mixed
     */
    private function translateDNProp($propName)
    {
        switch (strtolower($propName)) {
            case 'id-at-countryname':
            case 'countryname':
            case 'c':
                return 'id-at-countryName';
            case 'id-at-organizationname':
            case 'organizationname':
            case 'o':
                return 'id-at-organizationName';
            case 'id-at-dnqualifier':
            case 'dnqualifier':
                return 'id-at-dnQualifier';
            case 'id-at-commonname':
            case 'commonname':
            case 'cn':
                return 'id-at-commonName';
            case 'id-at-stateorprovincename':
            case 'stateorprovincename':
            case 'state':
            case 'province':
            case 'provincename':
            case 'st':
                return 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName';
            case 'id-at-localityname':
            case 'localityname':
            case 'l':
                return 'id-at-localityName';
            case 'id-emailaddress':
            case 'emailaddress':
                return 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress';
            case 'id-at-serialnumber':
            case 'serialnumber':
                return 'id-at-serialNumber';
            case 'id-at-postalcode':
            case 'postalcode':
                return 'id-at-postalCode';
            case 'id-at-streetaddress':
            case 'streetaddress':
                return 'id-at-streetAddress';
            case 'id-at-name':
            case 'name':
                return 'id-at-name';
            case 'id-at-givenname':
            case 'givenname':
                return 'id-at-givenName';
            case 'id-at-surname':
            case 'surname':
            case 'sn':
                return 'id-at-surname';
            case 'id-at-initials':
            case 'initials':
                return 'id-at-initials';
            case 'id-at-generationqualifier':
            case 'generationqualifier':
                return 'id-at-generationQualifier';
            case 'id-at-organizationalunitname':
            case 'organizationalunitname':
            case 'ou':
                return 'id-at-organizationalUnitName';
            case 'id-at-pseudonym':
            case 'pseudonym':
                return 'id-at-pseudonym';
            case 'id-at-title':
            case 'title':
                return 'id-at-title';
            case 'id-at-description':
            case 'description':
                return 'id-at-description';
            case 'id-at-role':
            case 'role':
                return 'id-at-role';
            case 'id-at-uniqueidentifier':
            case 'uniqueidentifier':
            case 'x500uniqueidentifier':
                return 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier';
            case 'postaladdress':
            case 'id-at-postaladdress':
                return 'id-at-postalAddress';
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set a Distinguished Name property
     *
     * @param string $propName
     * @param mixed $propValue
     * @param string $type optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setDNProp($propName, $propValue, $type = 'utf8String')
    {
        if (empty($this->dn)) {
            $this->dn = ['rdnSequence' => []];
        }

        if (($propName = $this->translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ((array) $propValue as $v) {
            if (!is_array($v) && isset($type)) {
                $v = [$type => $v];
            }
            $this->dn['rdnSequence'][] = [
                [
                    'type' => $propName,
                    'value'=> $v
                ]
            ];
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Remove Distinguished Name properties
     *
     * @param string $propName
     * @access public
     */
    public function removeDNProp($propName)
    {
        if (empty($this->dn)) {
            return;
        }

        if (($propName = $this->translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
            return;
        }

        $dn = &$this->dn['rdnSequence'];
        $size = count($dn);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
                unset($dn[$i]);
            }
        }

        $dn = array_values($dn);
    }

    /**
     * Get Distinguished Name properties
     *
     * @param string $propName
     * @param array $dn optional
     * @param bool $withType optional
     * @return mixed
     * @access public
     */
    public function getDNProp($propName, $dn = null, $withType = false)
    {
        if (!isset($dn)) {
            $dn = $this->dn;
        }

        if (empty($dn)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (($propName = $this->translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
            return false;
        }

        $filters = [];
        $filters['value'] = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
        ASN1::setFilters($filters);
        $this->mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence');
        $dn = $dn['rdnSequence'];
        $result = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i < count($dn); $i++) {
            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
                $v = $dn[$i][0]['value'];
                if (!$withType) {
                    if (is_array($v)) {
                        foreach ($v as $type => $s) {
                            $type = array_search($type, ASN1::ANY_MAP);
                            if ($type !== false && array_key_exists($type, ASN1::STRING_TYPE_SIZE)) {
                                $s = ASN1::convert($s, $type);
                                if ($s !== false) {
                                    $v = $s;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (is_array($v)) {
                            $v = array_pop($v); // Always strip data type.
                        }
                    } elseif (is_object($v) && $v instanceof Element) {
                        $map = $this->getMapping($propName);
                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
                            $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($v);
                            $v = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
                        }
                    }
                }
                $result[] = $v;
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Set a Distinguished Name
     *
     * @param mixed $dn
     * @param bool $merge optional
     * @param string $type optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setDN($dn, $merge = false, $type = 'utf8String')
    {
        if (!$merge) {
            $this->dn = null;
        }

        if (is_array($dn)) {
            if (isset($dn['rdnSequence'])) {
                $this->dn = $dn; // No merge here.
                return true;
            }

            // handles stuff generated by openssl_x509_parse()
            foreach ($dn as $prop => $value) {
                if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        // handles everything else
        $results = preg_split('#((?:^|, *|/)(?:C=|O=|OU=|CN=|L=|ST=|SN=|postalCode=|streetAddress=|emailAddress=|serialNumber=|organizationalUnitName=|title=|description=|role=|x500UniqueIdentifier=|postalAddress=))#', $dn, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
        for ($i = 1; $i < count($results); $i+=2) {
            $prop = trim($results[$i], ', =/');
            $value = $results[$i + 1];
            if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificates subject
     *
     * @param mixed $format optional
     * @param array $dn optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function getDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY, $dn = null)
    {
        if (!isset($dn)) {
            $dn = isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']) ? $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] : $this->dn;
        }

        switch ((int) $format) {
            case self::DN_ARRAY:
                return $dn;
            case self::DN_ASN1:
                $filters = [];
                $filters['rdnSequence']['value'] = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
                ASN1::setFilters($filters);
                $this->mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence');
                return ASN1::encodeDER($dn, Maps\Name::MAP);
            case self::DN_CANON:
                //  No SEQUENCE around RDNs and all string values normalized as
                // trimmed lowercase UTF-8 with all spacing as one blank.
                // constructed RDNs will not be canonicalized
                $filters = [];
                $filters['value'] = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
                ASN1::setFilters($filters);
                $result = '';
                $this->mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence');
                foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $rdn) {
                    foreach ($rdn as $i => $attr) {
                        $attr = &$rdn[$i];
                        if (is_array($attr['value'])) {
                            foreach ($attr['value'] as $type => $v) {
                                $type = array_search($type, ASN1::ANY_MAP, true);
                                if ($type !== false && array_key_exists($type, ASN1::STRING_TYPE_SIZE)) {
                                    $v = ASN1::convert($v, $type);
                                    if ($v !== false) {
                                        $v = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $v);
                                        $attr['value'] = strtolower(trim($v));
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    $result .= ASN1::encodeDER($rdn, Maps\RelativeDistinguishedName::MAP);
                }
                return $result;
            case self::DN_HASH:
                $dn = $this->getDN(self::DN_CANON, $dn);
                $hash = new Hash('sha1');
                $hash = $hash->hash($dn);
                extract(unpack('Vhash', $hash));
                return strtolower(Hex::encode(pack('N', $hash)));
        }

        // Default is to return a string.
        $start = true;
        $output = '';

        $result = [];
        $filters = [];
        $filters['rdnSequence']['value'] = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
        ASN1::setFilters($filters);
        $this->mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence');

        foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $field) {
            $prop = $field[0]['type'];
            $value = $field[0]['value'];

            $delim = ', ';
            switch ($prop) {
                case 'id-at-countryName':
                    $desc = 'C';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName':
                    $desc = 'ST';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-organizationName':
                    $desc = 'O';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-organizationalUnitName':
                    $desc = 'OU';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-commonName':
                    $desc = 'CN';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-localityName':
                    $desc = 'L';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-surname':
                    $desc = 'SN';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier':
                    $delim = '/';
                    $desc = 'x500UniqueIdentifier';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-postalAddress':
                    $delim = '/';
                    $desc = 'postalAddress';
                    break;
                default:
                    $delim = '/';
                    $desc = preg_replace('#.+-([^-]+)$#', '$1', $prop);
            }

            if (!$start) {
                $output.= $delim;
            }
            if (is_array($value)) {
                foreach ($value as $type => $v) {
                    $type = array_search($type, ASN1::ANY_MAP, true);
                    if ($type !== false && array_key_exists($type, ASN1::STRING_TYPE_SIZE)) {
                        $v = ASN1::convert($v, $type);
                        if ($v !== false) {
                            $value = $v;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (is_array($value)) {
                    $value = array_pop($value); // Always strip data type.
                }
            } elseif (is_object($value) && $value instanceof Element) {
                $callback = function($x) { return '\x' . bin2hex($x[0]); };
                $value = strtoupper(preg_replace_callback('#[^\x20-\x7E]#', $callback, $value->element));
            }
            $output.= $desc . '=' . $value;
            $result[$desc] = isset($result[$desc]) ?
                array_merge((array) $dn[$prop], [$value]) :
                $value;
            $start = false;
        }

        return $format == self::DN_OPENSSL ? $result : $output;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificate/crl issuer
     *
     * @param int $format optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getIssuerDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer']);
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer']);
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificate/csr subject
     * Alias of getDN()
     *
     * @param int $format optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getSubjectDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !empty($this->dn):
                return $this->getDN($format);
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']);
            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']);
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get an individual Distinguished Name property for a certificate/crl issuer
     *
     * @param string $propName
     * @param bool $withType optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getIssuerDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'], $withType);
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'], $withType);
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get an individual Distinguished Name property for a certificate/csr subject
     *
     * @param string $propName
     * @param bool $withType optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getSubjectDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !empty($this->dn):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, null, $withType);
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'], $withType);
            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'], $withType);
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the certificate chain for the current cert
     *
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getChain()
    {
        $chain = [$this->currentCert];

        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }
        if (empty($this->CAs)) {
            return $chain;
        }
        while (true) {
            $currentCert = $chain[count($chain) - 1];
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
                $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
                if ($currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
                    $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', $currentCert);
                    $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
                    switch (true) {
                        case !is_array($authorityKey):
                        case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                            if ($currentCert === $ca) {
                                break 3;
                            }
                            $chain[] = $ca;
                            break 2;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($i == count($this->CAs)) {
                break;
            }
        }
        foreach ($chain as $key => $value) {
            $chain[$key] = new X509();
            $chain[$key]->loadX509($value);
        }
        return $chain;
    }

    /**
     * Set public key
     *
     * Key needs to be a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object
     *
     * @param object $key
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setPublicKey($key)
    {
        $key->setPublicKey();
        $this->publicKey = $key;
    }

    /**
     * Set private key
     *
     * Key needs to be a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object
     *
     * @param object $key
     * @access public
     */
    public function setPrivateKey($key)
    {
        $this->privateKey = $key;
    }

    /**
     * Set challenge
     *
     * Used for SPKAC CSR's
     *
     * @param string $challenge
     * @access public
     */
    public function setChallenge($challenge)
    {
        $this->challenge = $challenge;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the public key
     *
     * Returns a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object or a false.
     *
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getPublicKey()
    {
        if (isset($this->publicKey)) {
            return $this->publicKey;
        }

        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert)) {
            foreach (['tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo', 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo'] as $path) {
                $keyinfo = $this->subArray($this->currentCert, $path);
                if (!empty($keyinfo)) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (empty($keyinfo)) {
            return false;
        }

        $key = $keyinfo['subjectPublicKey'];

        switch ($keyinfo['algorithm']['algorithm']) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $publicKey = new RSA();
                $publicKey->load($key);
                $publicKey->setPublicKey();
                break;
            default:
                return false;
        }

        return $publicKey;
    }

    /**
     * Load a Certificate Signing Request
     *
     * @param string $csr
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function loadCSR($csr, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
    {
        if (is_array($csr) && isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
            unset($this->currentCert);
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
            $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
                return false;
            }

            $this->currentCert = $csr;
            return $csr;
        }

        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986

        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
            $newcsr = ASN1::extractBER($csr);
            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $csr == $newcsr) {
                return false;
            }
            $csr = $newcsr;
        }
        $orig = $csr;

        if ($csr === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($csr);

        if (empty($decoded)) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $csr = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], Maps\CertificationRequest::MAP);
        if (!isset($csr) || $csr === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $this->mapInAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
        $this->mapInDNs($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subject/rdnSequence');

        $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];

        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);

        $algorithm = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
        $key = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
        $key = $this->reformatKey($algorithm, $key);

        switch ($algorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $this->publicKey = new RSA();
                $this->publicKey->load($key);
                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
                break;
            default:
                $this->publicKey = null;
        }

        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
        $this->currentCert = $csr;

        return $csr;
    }

    /**
     * Save CSR request
     *
     * @param array $csr
     * @param int $format optional
     * @access public
     * @return string
     */
    public function saveCSR($csr, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($csr) || !isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
            return false;
        }

        switch (true) {
            case !($algorithm = $this->subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
            case is_object($csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                break;
            default:
                switch ($algorithm) {
                    case 'rsaEncryption':
                        $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']
                            = Base64::encode("\0" . Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
                        $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = null;
                        $csr['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = null;
                        $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['signature']['parameters'] = null;
                }
        }

        $filters = [];
        $filters['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value']
            = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];

        ASN1::setFilters($filters);

        $this->mapOutDNs($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subject/rdnSequence');
        $this->mapOutAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
        $csr = ASN1::encodeDER($csr, Maps\CertificationRequest::MAP);

        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $csr;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\r\n" . chunk_split(Base64::encode($csr), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load a SPKAC CSR
     *
     * SPKAC's are produced by the HTML5 keygen element:
     *
     * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Element/keygen
     *
     * @param string $csr
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function loadSPKAC($spkac)
    {
        if (is_array($spkac) && isset($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
            unset($this->currentCert);
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
            $this->currentCert = $spkac;
            return $spkac;
        }

        // see http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/forms.html#signedpublickeyandchallenge

        // OpenSSL produces SPKAC's that are preceded by the string SPKAC=
        $temp = preg_replace('#(?:SPKAC=)|[ \r\n\\\]#', '', $spkac);
        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? Base64::decode($temp) : false;
        if ($temp != false) {
            $spkac = $temp;
        }
        $orig = $spkac;

        if ($spkac === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($spkac);

        if (empty($decoded)) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $spkac = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], Maps\SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge::MAP);

        if (!isset($spkac) || $spkac === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);

        $algorithm = &$spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
        $key = &$spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'];
        $key = $this->reformatKey($algorithm, $key);

        switch ($algorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $this->publicKey = new RSA();
                $this->publicKey->load($key);
                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
                break;
            default:
                $this->publicKey = null;
        }

        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
        $this->currentCert = $spkac;

        return $spkac;
    }

    /**
     * Save a SPKAC CSR request
     *
     * @param array $csr
     * @param int $format optional
     * @access public
     * @return string
     */
    public function saveSPKAC($spkac, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($spkac) || !isset($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
            return false;
        }

        $algorithm = $this->subArray($spkac, 'publicKeyAndChallenge/spki/algorithm/algorithm');
        switch (true) {
            case !$algorithm:
            case is_object($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey']):
                break;
            default:
                switch ($algorithm) {
                    case 'rsaEncryption':
                        $spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey']
                            = Base64::encode("\0" . Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'])));
                }
        }

        $spkac = ASN1::encodeDER($spkac, Maps\SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge::MAP);

        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $spkac;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                // OpenSSL's implementation of SPKAC requires the SPKAC be preceded by SPKAC= and since there are pretty much
                // no other SPKAC decoders phpseclib will use that same format
                return 'SPKAC=' . Base64::encode($spkac);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load a Certificate Revocation List
     *
     * @param string $crl
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function loadCRL($crl, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
    {
        if (is_array($crl) && isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
            $this->currentCert = $crl;
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
            return $crl;
        }

        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
            $newcrl = ASN1::extractBER($crl);
            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $crl == $newcrl) {
                return false;
            }
            $crl = $newcrl;
        }
        $orig = $crl;

        if ($crl === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($crl);

        if (empty($decoded)) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $crl = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], Maps\CertificateList::MAP);
        if (!isset($crl) || $crl === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }

        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);

        $this->mapInDNs($crl, 'tbsCertList/issuer/rdnSequence');
        if ($this->isSubArrayValid($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions')) {
            $this->mapInExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions');
        }
        if ($this->isSubArrayValid($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates')) {
            $rclist_ref = &$this->subArrayUnchecked($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
            if ($rclist_ref) {
                $rclist = $crl['tbsCertList']['revokedCertificates'];
                foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
                    if ($this->isSubArrayValid($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions")) {
                        $this->mapInExtensions($rclist_ref, "$i/crlEntryExtensions");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
        $this->currentCert = $crl;

        return $crl;
    }

    /**
     * Save Certificate Revocation List.
     *
     * @param array $crl
     * @param int $format optional
     * @access public
     * @return string
     */
    public function saveCRL($crl, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($crl) || !isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
            return false;
        }

        $filters = [];
        $filters['tbsCertList']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value']
            = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
        $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters']
            = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];
        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters']
            = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING];

        if (empty($crl['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters'])) {
            $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters']
                = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_NULL];
        }

        if (empty($crl['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'])) {
            $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters']
                = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_NULL];
        }

        ASN1::setFilters($filters);

        $this->mapOutDNs($crl, 'tbsCertList/issuer/rdnSequence');
        $this->mapOutExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions');
        $rclist = &$this->subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
        if (is_array($rclist)) {
            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
                $this->mapOutExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }

        $crl = ASN1::encodeDER($crl, Maps\CertificateList::MAP);

        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $crl;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                return "-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----\r\n" . chunk_split(Base64::encode($crl), 64) . '-----END X509 CRL-----';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Helper function to build a time field according to RFC 3280 section
     *  - 4.1.2.5 Validity
     *  - 5.1.2.4 This Update
     *  - 5.1.2.5 Next Update
     *  - 5.1.2.6 Revoked Certificates
     * by choosing utcTime iff year of date given is before 2050 and generalTime else.
     *
     * @param string $date in format date('D, d M Y H:i:s O')
     * @access private
     * @return array
     */
    private function timeField($date)
    {
        $year = @gmdate("Y", @strtotime($date)); // the same way ASN1.php parses this
        if ($year < 2050) {
            return ['utcTime' => $date];
        } else {
            return ['generalTime' => $date];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sign an X.509 certificate
     *
     * $issuer's private key needs to be loaded.
     * $subject can be either an existing X.509 cert (if you want to resign it),
     * a CSR or something with the DN and public key explicitly set.
     *
     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $issuer
     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $subject
     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function sign($issuer, $subject, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha256WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (isset($subject->publicKey) && !($subjectPublicKey = $subject->formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
            return false;
        }

        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;

        if (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            $this->currentCert = $subject->currentCert;
            $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;

            if (!empty($this->startDate)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'] = $this->timeField($this->startDate);
            }
            if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'] = $this->timeField($this->endDate);
            }
            if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['serialNumber'] = $this->serialNumber;
            }
            if (!empty($subject->dn)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'] = $subject->dn;
            }
            if (!empty($subject->publicKey)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo'] = $subjectPublicKey;
            }
            $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
            if (isset($subject->domains)) {
                $this->removeExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName');
            }
        } elseif (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            return false;
        } else {
            if (!isset($subject->publicKey)) {
                return false;
            }

            $startDate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O');
            $endDate = !empty($this->endDate) ? $this->endDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', strtotime('+1 year'));
            /* "The serial number MUST be a positive integer"
               "Conforming CAs MUST NOT use serialNumber values longer than 20 octets."
                -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.2

               for the integer to be positive the leading bit needs to be 0 hence the
               application of a bitmap
            */
            $serialNumber = !empty($this->serialNumber) ?
                $this->serialNumber :
                new BigInteger(Random::string(20) & ("\x7F" . str_repeat("\xFF", 19)), 256);

            $this->currentCert = [
                'tbsCertificate' =>
                    array(
                        'version' => 'v3',
                        'serialNumber' => $serialNumber, // $this->setserialNumber()
                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
                        'validity' => [
                            'notBefore' => $this->timeField($startDate), // $this->setStartDate()
                            'notAfter' => $this->timeField($endDate)   // $this->setEndDate()
                        ],
                        'subject' => $subject->dn,
                        'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $subjectPublicKey
                    ),
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => ['algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm],
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            ];

            // Copy extensions from CSR.
            $csrexts = $subject->getAttribute('pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 0);

            if (!empty($csrexts)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'] = $csrexts;
            }
        }

        $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;

        if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
            $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', [
                    //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
                    //    array(
                    //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
                    //    )
                    //),
                    'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
                ]);
            //$extensions = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'];
            //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
            //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
            //}
            //unset($extensions);
        }

        if (isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $subject->currentKeyIdentifier);
        }

        $altName = [];

        if (isset($subject->domains) && count($subject->domains) > 1) {
            $altName = array_map(['\phpseclib\File\X509', 'dnsName'], $subject->domains);
        }

        if (isset($subject->ipAddresses) && count($subject->ipAddresses)) {
            // should an IP address appear as the CN if no domain name is specified? idk
            //$ips = count($subject->domains) ? $subject->ipAddresses : array_slice($subject->ipAddresses, 1);
            $ipAddresses = [];
            foreach ($subject->ipAddresses as $ipAddress) {
                $encoded = $subject->ipAddress($ipAddress);
                if ($encoded !== false) {
                    $ipAddresses[] = $encoded;
                }
            }
            if (count($ipAddresses)) {
                $altName = array_merge($altName, $ipAddresses);
            }
        }

        if (!empty($altName)) {
            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $altName);
        }

        if ($this->caFlag) {
            $keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
            if (!$keyUsage) {
                $keyUsage = [];
            }

            $this->setExtension(
                'id-ce-keyUsage',
                array_values(array_unique(array_merge($keyUsage, ['cRLSign', 'keyCertSign'])))
            );

            $basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
            if (!$basicConstraints) {
                $basicConstraints = [];
            }

            $this->setExtension(
                'id-ce-basicConstraints',
                array_unique(array_merge(['cA' => true], $basicConstraints)),
                true
            );

            if (!isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $this->computeKeyIdentifier($this->currentCert), false, false);
            }
        }

        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $tbsCertificate in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $tbsCertificate = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'];
        $this->loadX509($this->saveX509($this->currentCert));

        $result = $this->signHelper($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['tbsCertificate'] = $tbsCertificate;

        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Sign a CSR
     *
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function signCSR($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($this->privateKey) || empty($this->dn)) {
            return false;
        }

        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
        $this->publicKey = new $class();
        $this->publicKey->load($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
        if (!($publicKey = $this->formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;

        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;

        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            if (!empty($this->dn)) {
                $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'] = $this->dn;
            }
            $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo'] = $publicKey;
        } else {
            $this->currentCert = [
                'certificationRequestInfo' =>
                    [
                        'version' => 'v1',
                        'subject' => $this->dn,
                        'subjectPKInfo' => $publicKey
                    ],
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => ['algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm],
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            ];
        }

        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $certificationRequestInfo in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $certificationRequestInfo = $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'];
        $this->loadCSR($this->saveCSR($this->currentCert));

        $result = $this->signHelper($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['certificationRequestInfo'] = $certificationRequestInfo;

        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Sign a SPKAC
     *
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function signSPKAC($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($this->privateKey)) {
            return false;
        }

        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
        $this->publicKey = new $class();
        $this->publicKey->load($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
        $publicKey = $this->formatSubjectPublicKey();
        if (!$publicKey) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;

        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;

        // re-signing a SPKAC seems silly but since everything else supports re-signing why not?
        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki'] = $publicKey;
            if (!empty($this->challenge)) {
                // the bitwise AND ensures that the output is a valid IA5String
                $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['challenge'] = $this->challenge & str_repeat("\x7F", strlen($this->challenge));
            }
        } else {
            $this->currentCert = [
                'publicKeyAndChallenge' =>
                    [
                        'spki' => $publicKey,
                        // quoting <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/keygen>,
                        // "A challenge string that is submitted along with the public key. Defaults to an empty string if not specified."
                        // both Firefox and OpenSSL ("openssl spkac -key private.key") behave this way
                        // we could alternatively do this instead if we ignored the specs:
                        // Random::string(8) & str_repeat("\x7F", 8)
                        'challenge' => !empty($this->challenge) ? $this->challenge : ''
                    ],
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => ['algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm],
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            ];
        }

        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $publicKeyAndChallenge in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $publicKeyAndChallenge = $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge'];
        $this->loadSPKAC($this->saveSPKAC($this->currentCert));

        $result = $this->signHelper($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['publicKeyAndChallenge'] = $publicKeyAndChallenge;

        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Sign a CRL
     *
     * $issuer's private key needs to be loaded.
     *
     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $issuer
     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $crl
     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function signCRL($issuer, $crl, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
            return false;
        }

        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject : null;
        $thisUpdate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O');

        if (isset($crl->currentCert) && is_array($crl->currentCert) && isset($crl->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            $this->currentCert = $crl->currentCert;
            $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
        } else {
            $this->currentCert = [
                'tbsCertList' =>
                    [
                        'version' => 'v2',
                        'signature' => ['algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm],
                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
                        'thisUpdate' => $this->timeField($thisUpdate) // $this->setStartDate()
                    ],
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => ['algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm],
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            ];
        }

        $tbsCertList = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
        $tbsCertList['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
        $tbsCertList['thisUpdate'] = $this->timeField($thisUpdate);

        if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
            $tbsCertList['nextUpdate'] = $this->timeField($this->endDate); // $this->setEndDate()
        } else {
            unset($tbsCertList['nextUpdate']);
        }

        if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
            $crlNumber = $this->serialNumber;
        } else {
            $crlNumber = $this->getExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber');
            // "The CRL number is a non-critical CRL extension that conveys a
            //  monotonically increasing sequence number for a given CRL scope and
            //  CRL issuer.  This extension allows users to easily determine when a
            //  particular CRL supersedes another CRL."
            // -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-5.2.3
            $crlNumber = $crlNumber !== false ? $crlNumber->add(new BigInteger(1)) : null;
        }

        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName');

        // Be sure version >= v2 if some extension found.
        $version = isset($tbsCertList['version']) ? $tbsCertList['version'] : 0;
        if (!$version) {
            if (!empty($tbsCertList['crlExtensions'])) {
                $version = 1; // v2.
            } elseif (!empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
                foreach ($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'] as $cert) {
                    if (!empty($cert['crlEntryExtensions'])) {
                        $version = 1; // v2.
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($version) {
                $tbsCertList['version'] = $version;
            }
        }

        // Store additional extensions.
        if (!empty($tbsCertList['version'])) { // At least v2.
            if (!empty($crlNumber)) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber', $crlNumber);
            }

            if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', [
                        //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
                        //    ]
                        //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
                        //    ]
                        //),
                        'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
                    ]);
                //$extensions = &$tbsCertList['crlExtensions'];
                //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
                //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
                //}
                //unset($extensions);
            }

            $issuerAltName = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $issuer->currentCert);

            if ($issuerAltName !== false) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName', $issuerAltName);
            }
        }

        if (empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
            unset($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates']);
        }

        unset($tbsCertList);

        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $tbsCertList in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $tbsCertList = $this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
        $this->loadCRL($this->saveCRL($this->currentCert));

        $result = $this->signHelper($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['tbsCertList'] = $tbsCertList;

        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * X.509 certificate signing helper function.
     *
     * @param object $key
     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $subject
     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm
     * @access public
     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException if the algorithm is unsupported
     * @return mixed
     */
    private function signHelper($key, $signatureAlgorithm)
    {
        if ($key instanceof RSA) {
            switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
                case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
                    $key->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));

                    $this->currentCert['signature'] = "\0" . $key->sign($this->signatureSubject, RSA::PADDING_PKCS1);
                    return $this->currentCert;
                default:
                    throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Signature algorithm unsupported');
            }
        }

        throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Unsupported public key algorithm');
    }

    /**
     * Set certificate start date
     *
     * @param string $date
     * @access public
     */
    public function setStartDate($date)
    {
        $this->startDate = @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
    }

    /**
     * Set certificate end date
     *
     * @param string $date
     * @access public
     */
    public function setEndDate($date)
    {
        /*
          To indicate that a certificate has no well-defined expiration date,
          the notAfter SHOULD be assigned the GeneralizedTime value of
          99991231235959Z.

          -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
        */
        if (strtolower($date) == 'lifetime') {
            $temp = '99991231235959Z';
            $temp = chr(ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME) . Functions::encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
            $this->endDate = new Element($temp);
        } else {
            $this->endDate = @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set Serial Number
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @param $base optional
     * @access public
     */
    public function setSerialNumber($serial, $base = -256)
    {
        $this->serialNumber = new BigInteger($serial, $base);
    }

    /**
     * Turns the certificate into a certificate authority
     *
     * @access public
     */
    public function makeCA()
    {
        $this->caFlag = true;
    }

    /**
     * Check for validity of subarray
     *
     * This is intended for use in conjunction with _subArrayUnchecked(),
     * implementing the checks included in _subArray() but without copying
     * a potentially large array by passing its reference by-value to is_array().
     *
     * @param array $root
     * @param string $path
     * @return boolean
     * @access private
     */
    private function isSubArrayValid($root, $path)
    {
        if (!is_array($root)) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach (explode('/', $path) as $i) {
            if (!is_array($root)) {
                return false;
            }

            if (!isset($root[$i])) {
                return true;
            }

            $root = $root[$i];
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Get a reference to a subarray
     *
     * This variant of _subArray() does no is_array() checking,
     * so $root should be checked with _isSubArrayValid() first.
     *
     * This is here for performance reasons:
     * Passing a reference (i.e. $root) by-value (i.e. to is_array())
     * creates a copy. If $root is an especially large array, this is expensive.
     *
     * @param array $root
     * @param string $path  absolute path with / as component separator
     * @param bool $create optional
     * @access private
     * @return array|false
     */
    private function &subArrayUnchecked(&$root, $path, $create = false)
    {
        $false = false;

        foreach (explode('/', $path) as $i) {
            if (!isset($root[$i])) {
                if (!$create) {
                    return $false;
                }

                $root[$i] = [];
            }

            $root = &$root[$i];
        }

        return $root;
    }

    /**
     * Get a reference to a subarray
     *
     * @param array $root
     * @param string $path  absolute path with / as component separator
     * @param bool $create optional
     * @access private
     * @return array|false
     */
    private function &subArray(&$root, $path, $create = false)
    {
        $false = false;

        if (!is_array($root)) {
            return $false;
        }

        foreach (explode('/', $path) as $i) {
            if (!is_array($root)) {
                return $false;
            }

            if (!isset($root[$i])) {
                if (!$create) {
                    return $false;
                }

                $root[$i] = [];
            }

            $root = &$root[$i];
        }

        return $root;
    }

    /**
     * Get a reference to an extension subarray
     *
     * @param array $root
     * @param string $path optional absolute path with / as component separator
     * @param bool $create optional
     * @access private
     * @return array|false
     */
    private function &extensions(&$root, $path = null, $create = false)
    {
        if (!isset($root)) {
            $root = $this->currentCert;
        }

        switch (true) {
            case !empty($path):
            case !is_array($root):
                break;
            case isset($root['tbsCertificate']):
                $path = 'tbsCertificate/extensions';
                break;
            case isset($root['tbsCertList']):
                $path = 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions';
                break;
            case isset($root['certificationRequestInfo']):
                $pth = 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes';
                $attributes = &$this->subArray($root, $pth, $create);

                if (is_array($attributes)) {
                    foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
                        if ($value['type'] == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
                            $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
                            break 2;
                        }
                    }
                    if ($create) {
                        $key = count($attributes);
                        $attributes[] = ['type' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 'value' => []];
                        $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
                    }
                }
                break;
        }

        $extensions = &$this->subArray($root, $path, $create);

        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            $false = false;
            return $false;
        }

        return $extensions;
    }

    /**
     * Remove an Extension
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param string $path optional
     * @access private
     * @return bool
     */
    private function removeExtensionHelper($id, $path = null)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->extensions($this->currentCert, $path);

        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            return false;
        }

        $result = false;
        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
                unset($extensions[$key]);
                $result = true;
            }
        }

        $extensions = array_values($extensions);
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Get an Extension
     *
     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param array $cert optional
     * @param string $path optional
     * @access private
     * @return mixed
     */
    private function getExtensionHelper($id, $cert = null, $path = null)
    {
        $extensions = $this->extensions($cert, $path);

        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
                return $value['extnValue'];
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of all extensions in use
     *
     * @param array $cert optional
     * @param string $path optional
     * @access private
     * @return array
     */
    private function getExtensionsHelper($cert = null, $path = null)
    {
        $exts = $this->extensions($cert, $path);
        $extensions = [];

        if (is_array($exts)) {
            foreach ($exts as $extension) {
                $extensions[] = $extension['extnId'];
            }
        }

        return $extensions;
    }

    /**
     * Set an Extension
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $critical optional
     * @param bool $replace optional
     * @param string $path optional
     * @access private
     * @return bool
     */
    private function setExtensionHelper($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true, $path = null)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->extensions($this->currentCert, $path, true);

        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            return false;
        }

        $newext = ['extnId'  => $id, 'critical' => $critical, 'extnValue' => $value];

        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
                if (!$replace) {
                    return false;
                }

                $extensions[$key] = $newext;
                return true;
            }
        }

        $extensions[] = $newext;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Remove a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function removeExtension($id)
    {
        return $this->removeExtensionHelper($id);
    }

    /**
     * Get a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
     *
     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param array $cert optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getExtension($id, $cert = null)
    {
        return $this->getExtensionHelper($id, $cert);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of all extensions in use in certificate, CSR or CRL
     *
     * @param array $cert optional
     * @access public
     * @return array
     */
    public function getExtensions($cert = null)
    {
        return $this->getExtensionsHelper($cert);
    }

    /**
     * Set a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $critical optional
     * @param bool $replace optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
    {
        return $this->setExtensionHelper($id, $value, $critical, $replace);
    }

    /**
     * Remove a CSR attribute.
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param int $disposition optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function removeAttribute($id, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');

        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            return false;
        }

        $result = false;
        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
                $n = count($attribute['value']);
                switch (true) {
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_REPLACE:
                        return false;
                    case $disposition >= $n:
                        $disposition -= $n;
                        break;
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL:
                    case $n == 1:
                        unset($attributes[$key]);
                        $result = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        unset($attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition]);
                        $attributes[$key]['value'] = array_values($attributes[$key]['value']);
                        $result = true;
                        break;
                }
                if ($result && $disposition != self::ATTR_ALL) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        $attributes = array_values($attributes);
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Get a CSR attribute
     *
     * Returns the attribute if it exists and false if not
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param int $disposition optional
     * @param array $csr optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getAttribute($id, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL, $csr = null)
    {
        if (empty($csr)) {
            $csr = $this->currentCert;
        }

        $attributes = $this->subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');

        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
                $n = count($attribute['value']);
                switch (true) {
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_REPLACE:
                        return false;
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL:
                        return $attribute['value'];
                    case $disposition >= $n:
                        $disposition -= $n;
                        break;
                    default:
                        return $attribute['value'][$disposition];
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of all CSR attributes in use
     *
     * @param array $csr optional
     * @access public
     * @return array
     */
    public function getAttributes($csr = null)
    {
        if (empty($csr)) {
            $csr = $this->currentCert;
        }

        $attributes = $this->subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
        $attrs = [];

        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
                $attrs[] = $attribute['type'];
            }
        }

        return $attrs;
    }

    /**
     * Set a CSR attribute
     *
     * @param string $id
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $disposition optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setAttribute($id, $value, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', true);

        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            return false;
        }

        switch ($disposition) {
            case self::ATTR_REPLACE:
                $disposition = self::ATTR_APPEND;
            case self::ATTR_ALL:
                $this->removeAttribute($id);
                break;
        }

        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
                $n = count($attribute['value']);
                switch (true) {
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
                        $last = $key;
                        break;
                    case $disposition >= $n:
                        $disposition -= $n;
                        break;
                    default:
                        $attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition] = $value;
                        return true;
                }
            }
        }

        switch (true) {
            case $disposition >= 0:
                return false;
            case isset($last):
                $attributes[$last]['value'][] = $value;
                break;
            default:
                $attributes[] = ['type' => $id, 'value' => $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL ? $value: [$value]];
                break;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the subject key identifier
     *
     * This is used by the id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier and the id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier extensions.
     *
     * @param string $value
     * @access public
     */
    public function setKeyIdentifier($value)
    {
        if (empty($value)) {
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
        } else {
            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Compute a public key identifier.
     *
     * Although key identifiers may be set to any unique value, this function
     * computes key identifiers from public key according to the two
     * recommended methods (4.2.1.2 RFC 3280).
     * Highly polymorphic: try to accept all possible forms of key:
     * - Key object
     * - \phpseclib\File\X509 object with public or private key defined
     * - Certificate or CSR array
     * - \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element object
     * - PEM or DER string
     *
     * @param mixed $key optional
     * @param int $method optional
     * @access public
     * @return string binary key identifier
     */
    public function computeKeyIdentifier($key = null, $method = 1)
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            $key = $this;
        }

        switch (true) {
            case is_string($key):
                break;
            case is_array($key) && isset($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
            case is_array($key) && isset($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
            case !is_object($key):
                return false;
            case $key instanceof Element:
                // Assume the element is a bitstring-packed key.
                $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER($key->element);
                if (empty($decoded)) {
                    return false;
                }
                $raw = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING]);
                if (empty($raw)) {
                    return false;
                }
                // If the key is private, compute identifier from its corresponding public key.
                $key = new RSA();
                if (!$key->load($raw)) {
                    return false;   // Not an unencrypted RSA key.
                }
                if ($key->getPrivateKey() !== false) {  // If private.
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key, $method);
                }
                $key = $raw;    // Is a public key.
                break;
            case $key instanceof X509:
                if (isset($key->publicKey)) {
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->publicKey, $method);
                }
                if (isset($key->privateKey)) {
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->privateKey, $method);
                }
                if (isset($key->currentCert['tbsCertificate']) || isset($key->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->currentCert, $method);
                }
                return false;
            default: // Should be a key object (i.e.: \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA).
                $key = $key->getPublicKey('PKCS1');
                break;
        }

        // If in PEM format, convert to binary.
        $key = ASN1::extractBER($key);

        // Now we have the key string: compute its sha-1 sum.
        $hash = new Hash('sha1');
        $hash = $hash->hash($key);

        if ($method == 2) {
            $hash = substr($hash, -8);
            $hash[0] = chr((ord($hash[0]) & 0x0F) | 0x40);
        }

        return $hash;
    }

    /**
     * Format a public key as appropriate
     *
     * @access private
     * @return array
     */
    private function formatSubjectPublicKey()
    {
        if ($this->publicKey instanceof RSA) {
            // the following two return statements do the same thing. i dunno.. i just prefer the later for some reason.
            // the former is a good example of how to do fuzzing on the public key
            //return new Element(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $this->publicKey->getPublicKey()));
            return [
                'algorithm' => array('algorithm' => 'rsaEncryption'),
                'subjectPublicKey' => $this->publicKey->getPublicKey('PKCS1')
            ];
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Set the domain name's which the cert is to be valid for
     *
     * @access public
     * @return array
     */
    public function setDomain()
    {
        $this->domains = func_get_args();
        $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
        $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->domains[0]);
    }

    /**
     * Set the IP Addresses's which the cert is to be valid for
     *
     * @access public
     * @param string $ipAddress optional
     */
    public function setIPAddress()
    {
        $this->ipAddresses = func_get_args();
        /*
        if (!isset($this->domains)) {
            $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
            $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->ipAddresses[0]);
        }
        */
    }

    /**
     * Helper function to build domain array
     *
     * @access private
     * @param string $domain
     * @return array
     */
    private function dnsName($domain)
    {
        return ['dNSName' => $domain];
    }

    /**
     * Helper function to build IP Address array
     *
     * (IPv6 is not currently supported)
     *
     * @access private
     * @param string $address
     * @return array
     */
    private function iPAddress($address)
    {
        return ['iPAddress' => $address];
    }

    /**
     * Get the index of a revoked certificate.
     *
     * @param array $rclist
     * @param string $serial
     * @param bool $create optional
     * @access private
     * @return int|false
     */
    private function revokedCertificate(&$rclist, $serial, $create = false)
    {
        $serial = new BigInteger($serial);

        foreach ($rclist as $i => $rc) {
            if (!($serial->compare($rc['userCertificate']))) {
                return $i;
            }
        }

        if (!$create) {
            return false;
        }

        $i = count($rclist);
        $rclist[] = ['userCertificate' => $serial,
                          'revocationDate'  => $this->timeField(@date('D, d M Y H:i:s O'))];
        return $i;
    }

    /**
     * Revoke a certificate.
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @param string $date optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function revoke($serial, $date = null)
    {
        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
                if ($this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial) === false) { // If not yet revoked
                    if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
                        if (!empty($date)) {
                            $rclist[$i]['revocationDate'] = $this->timeField($date);
                        }

                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Unrevoke a certificate.
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function unrevoke($serial)
    {
        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                unset($rclist[$i]);
                $rclist = array_values($rclist);
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get a revoked certificate.
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getRevoked($serial)
    {
        if (is_array($rclist = $this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $rclist[$i];
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * List revoked certificates
     *
     * @param array $crl optional
     * @access public
     * @return array
     */
    public function listRevoked($crl = null)
    {
        if (!isset($crl)) {
            $crl = $this->currentCert;
        }

        if (!isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
            return false;
        }

        $result = [];

        if (is_array($rclist = $this->subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            foreach ($rclist as $rc) {
                $result[] = $rc['userCertificate']->toString();
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Remove a Revoked Certificate Extension
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @param string $id
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function removeRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id)
    {
        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $this->removeExtensionHelper($id, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get a Revoked Certificate Extension
     *
     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @param string $id
     * @param array $crl optional
     * @access public
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $crl = null)
    {
        if (!isset($crl)) {
            $crl = $this->currentCert;
        }

        if (is_array($rclist = $this->subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $this->getExtension($id, $crl,  "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of all extensions in use for a given revoked certificate
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @param array $crl optional
     * @access public
     * @return array
     */
    public function getRevokedCertificateExtensions($serial, $crl = null)
    {
        if (!isset($crl)) {
            $crl = $this->currentCert;
        }

        if (is_array($rclist = $this->subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $this->getExtensionsHelper($crl, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Set a Revoked Certificate Extension
     *
     * @param string $serial
     * @param string $id
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $critical optional
     * @param bool $replace optional
     * @access public
     * @return bool
     */
    public function setRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
    {
        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
                if (($i = $this->revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
                    return $this->setExtensionHelper($id, $value, $critical, $replace, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
}